Social Work And Social Welfare - 2300 Words

QUESTION 1: What Is Social Work And Social Welfare? Compare and contrast (20) According to Leiva (2014), Social work is a profession that gives help or advice to individuals, groups or communities who have financial or family problems. However, the National Association of Social Work (NASW) define social work as a professional activity of helping individuals, groups, or communities enhance or restore their capacity for social functioning and creating societal conditions favourable to this goal. Karen (2010, p.23) states that Social work practice consists of the professional application of social work values, principles and techniques to one or more of the following ends. †¢ Helping people obtain tangible services (e.g. those involving†¦show more content†¦Discuss? Social work is a profession in that the field has evolved over time to follow well established tenets that guide its practice. Using a diversity of knowledge based on scientific inquiry, social work profession helps the human and community wellbeing. Guided by a strict ethics, being principles that specify what is good and what is bad help to clarify what should and should not be done (National Association of Social workers (NASW) code ethics is based on professional values (NASW 1999). Another aspect to consider is the adherence to confidentiality which is the ethical principle that entails that workers should not share information provided by a client unless that worker has the client’s permission to do so. Social workers also have established guidelines to ethical decision making that can help them get through the difficult decision making process when solving ethical dilemma (Kirst Ashman Hull, 2009 and Dolgoff, Loewenberg Harrington 2009, Reamer, 1998). The NASW argument that Social work is a profession by establishing code of ethics, general goals or mission and identifies core values as hereunder: 1. Service: the providing of help, resources and benefits so that people can achieve their maximum potential. 2. Social justice: upholding the condition that in a perfect world all citizens would have identical â€Å"right, protection, opportunities, obligations and social benefits† regardless of their back grounds andShow MoreRelatedSocial Welfare And The Field Of Social Work861 Words   |  4 PagesThree thousand years ago, people recognized that they had a moral obligation to help those in need. Looking back on the history of social work, there have been many definitions of the field, but it is ever-changing and expanding to include the things that happen in society every day. The 1800’s were a defining period of time for social welfare and the field of social work was born. 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This hostility to social welfare can be seen in the intense backlash against the Affordable Care Act in America, andRead MoreThe South-African Socio-Economic and Political Context: Implications and Challenges for Developmental Social Welfare and Social Work Services.2416 Words   |  10 Pagesanalyzing the broader national context and the impact and challenges for social welfare services and social work in South Africa. This assignment will include an analysis of 5 media clips, State of Nation Address by the President, Mr Jacob G. Zuma and the Budget Speech by the Minister of Finance, Mr Prav in J. Gordhan. This is the individual’s analysis of the articles, which will further guide and add towards the group work assignment. 2. State of Nation Address (RSA, State of Nation AddressRead MoreThe Preamble Of The Constitution1632 Words   |  7 Pagesthe general welfare of the people. This provision foresees the legal American right for citizens to have its government serve the welfare of the people. However, the constitution states that this welfare is for the people’s general welfare– not welfare which takes resources from the people to benefit certain states or certain people. Those who receive the welfare are mainly poor and not actively seeking jobs; giving these people money would just be subversive. Providing social welfare programs to

Marketing Plan for Iphone 4s - 6854 Words

MARKETING PLAN FOR Smartphone iPhone 4 S Smartphone to the Yemen Market Under supervision of:- Dr. NABIL ALABSY PREPARED BY: Fadhl Mohammed Alodaini Student ID: 201012387 Mobile no: - 711592474 Email Address: - fadhl.mohammed@gmail.com MAY SEMESTER 2012 1.0 Executive summary 2.0 Situation/Market Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 2.1 Company Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 2.1.1 About iPhone 4S†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 2.1.2 Mission, Vision, and Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 2.2 SWOT Analysis 2.2.1 Strengthen and Weakness †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2.2.2 Opportunities and Threats†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦On October 4, 2011, in Cupertino, California, Apple announced the iPhone 4S. On October 7, 2011, it became available for preorder in seven initial countries (United States, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, France, Germany and Japan) with the first delivery date set for October 14, 2011 and available on that same day for direct in-store sales in those countries. It was released in 22 more countries, including Ireland, Mexico, and Singapore on October 28. It is available for majority of world countries 100 cell service carriers in 70 countries, including eight carriers in the United States. For US customers, unlocked (contract-free) sales started on November 11, 2011. The Associated Press said that ATT described early iPhone 4S demand as extraordinary. Reception to the iPhone 4S was generally favorable. Reviewers noted Siri, the new camera, and processing speeds as significant advantages over the prior model. Four million units of the iPhone 4S were sold in the first three days of release. The iPhone 4S added a higher resolution camera (8 megapixel) with 1080p video recording, face detection, and video stabilization, a faster, dual core processor, support for both GSM/UMTS and CDMA on one chip, GLONASS support and a natural language voice control system called Siri. It is available in 16 GB and 32 GB, as well as a new 64 GB capacity. In the United States, it was announced that two new carriers, Sprint and C Spire, would begin carrying the iPhone 4 and iPhone 4SShow MoreRelated Telecommunications Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pageshis clients, check the status of his company on the stock exchange, make deals and still maintain his calendar. iPhone 4S is the best gadget to satisfy this demand. This is an American phone that is manufactured by Apple Inc. To commemorate the life of the founder and CEO of the company, the entry of the phone into the Australian market will boost the sales of the company. iPhone 4S is a gadget that can be used for communication and entertainment. 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John Lewis Partnership Business Report On Logistic And Operation Mana

Question: Critically evaluate methods of planning and organising efficient operations and networking.Analyse the problems of controlling component activities and of controlling quality.Critically discuss methods of project evaluation and of scheduling resources. Answer: Introduction The report is critically based on evaluating the logistics and operations management in John Lewis partnership. It is the most popular brand name in UK, which is dominating the retail market of UK. The report states four of the processes of the operations strategy such as formulation, implementation, monitoring and control of operations strategy. Various competitive strategies of the selected organization are analyzed using those operations strategies. Operations management contributions are detailed to improve in organizations strategies. Finally, recommendations are provided to make improvement in the four operation strategies used in the selected organization. Analysis the business operations and market position of John Lewis Partnership in the business area Background of the company John Lewis Partnership (JLP) is a UK based company, which is operating John Lewis departmental stores, banking, services of finance, Waitrose supermarkets and retail services. JLP group is the third largest UK based private company. The products of JLP are clothing, cosmetics, watches, jewelers, house wares, audio visual, furniture, direct services, computing and financial services (Johnlewispartnership.co.uk, 2015). The first John Lewis store was opened in the year 1864 in Oxford Street, London. Figure 1: John Lewis Partnership (Source: Johnlewispartnership.co.uk, 2015) Business Situation John Lewis Partnership has 91,500 partnerships own the leading retail business in UK. The business has annual gross sales of over 11bn. After beating Marks Spencer in the year 2010, JLP has a distinction of being one of the best high street website in UK. John Lewis focuses to improve its operational strategies towards their all varieties of buyers, introduction of value range to John Lewis and expansion of business services (Johnlewispartnership.co.uk, 2014). The JLP supplies Ocado web supermarket with the Waitrose own band foods as well as John Lewis own brand non-food items. History of John Lewis Partnership In the year 1864, John Lewis opened a drapery shop, John Lewis Department in Oxford Street, London. The son of John Lewis, John Spedan Lewis has acquired a quarter shares holding in the John Lewis departmental store. John Lewis hands control over the Peter Jones in the year 1905. However, in the year 1928, due to death of John Lewis, his son became the owner of the stores (johnlewispartnership.co.uk, 2015). The current position of this JLP is that it is one of the ten UK retailers with 46 John Lewis shops, over 300 Waitrose supermarkets and online businesses. Market Position of John Lewis Partnership Market Share JLP achieves a sales growth as well as market share gains in their fashion, electrical and home technology. The companys online sales growth is 17%. The following table shows JLP market share as below: Factors Values Average Volume 100.00 Dollar Shares Outstanding 612.00k Free Float 499.4k Market Cap 734.40k Annual Div 6.48% Table 1: Market Share of John Lewis Partnership (Source: johnlewispartnership.co.uk, 2015) Core Competencies Capabilities: The Employee Ownership policy is the core capability of John Lewis. The organization provides the employees the right to highlight their issues to the higher authority of the organization without any restriction. This aspect makes their employee more satisfied and increase the productivity of the organization. Core Competencies: Waitrose and Mark Spencer are the core competitors of John Lewis. John Lewis gain more competitive advantage for on time delivery and also for providing a huge range of products to their customers (Johnlewispartnership.co.uk, 2014). Products: The products offered by John Lewis are skin care and all types of health care products, other essential goods needed in daily life. Graph 1: Market Share of John Lewis Partnership and Its Competitors (Source: Johnlewispartnership.co.uk, 2014) Application of four operations processes of operational strategies of John Lewis Partnership Operation Strategy Formulation JLP should analyze their competitive position in the retail market, formulate their strategies and acquires resources to implement the chosen operations strategies (Dekker, Bloemhof and Mallidis, 2012). In the year 1929, the founder of this selected organization gave the ownership of the company to the employees to balance the happiness of their employees. John Lewis has a determined vision of co-ownership by assembly the employees fixed to the business profit. This strategy has left a remarkable business-related history and they live today over 80 years. Most of the workers of public sector are considering utilizing the employee of John Lewis employee owned business model after the staffs of Lewis who are partners hold a big bonus of 15%, which is almost twice the monthly salary of the employees (Johnlewispartnership.co.uk, 2015). The long term strategic aims of the organization is to provide personal satisfaction to their associates by becoming a member of co-owned venture, loyal b y value, honesty and hold customers. Generic Strategy Model Figure 2: Porters Generic Model of Jones Lewis Partnership (Source: Dekker, Bloemhof and Mallidis, 2012, pp-677) Operation Strategy Implementation The John Lewis Partnership utilizes the above mentioned Operation strategies. Now the implementations of these strategies are discussed below: Figure 3: Implementation of operation strategies (Source: Caunhye, Nie and Pokharel, 2012, pp-6) First of all the implementation process of the operation strategies utilized by John Lewis requires to identify the competitors and attractiveness of the market. This aspect will decide the total strategic structure of the implementation procedure. Second aspect, which must be evaluated, is the strategic opportunities of the market (Jacobs and Chase, 2013). This will ensure the area of growth for John Lewis. Opportunities always bring threats to the developmental aspect of any organization. Therefore, it is very crucial for John Lewis to analyze the strategic alternatives available in the market (Bichou, Bell and Evans, 2013). The arrangement of opportunities and alternatives for proper situation allows John Lewis to specify their Strategic Objectives according to the demands of their customers. The final stage of the implementation process of operation strategies of John Lewis introduces the mixing of various strategic options collected from their competitors to their own strategy, which increases the competency of their operation strategy. Operation Strategy Monitoring The operation strategies can be easily observed by following the analysis of several issues. This analysis is given in the table below: Issues Observation Measurement of Productivity John Lewis focuses on the measurement of the productivity (Bozarth and Handfield, 2016). The ratings of the productivity evaluated if the operation strategy is helpful or not. Analysis of the Technological Problems There may be much kind of problems in retail industry. John Lewis always has their RD team ready to handle the technological problems (Schonsleben, 2016). Analysis of Employee Behavior Employee behaviour is changed due to implementation of many operation strategies at a time (Caunhye, Nie and Pokharel, 2012). Therefore, John Lewis avoids this kind of situation to make their employee more productive. Decision Making John Lewis put more focus on the results of the implementation of operation strategy. This aspect helps the organization while making the decision. (Stadtler, 2015). Operation Strategy Control The controlling process of operation strategy includes several aspects: leadership, disciplinary actions of the management. Controlling operation strategy is also introduced by John Lewis to measure the change in the strategic management of operations as follows: Execution of controlling procedure of Operation Strategy Value of John Lewis: The success of the value chain of John Lewis can be determined by the superior providence of service to the customers (Dyckhoff, Lackes and Reese, 2013). The warehouse and workforce management system of John Lewis introduces more effective optimization of work culture of the organization (johnlewispartnership.co.uk 2014). As a result of this, the partnership gained 16% productivity, the labor cost was reduced by 8%, the stock availability was enhanced and the delivery time reduced by 25% (Christopher, 2016). This aspect shows the addition of values in the developmental perspective of the organization. Performance measurement: John Lewis Partnership should put more focus on their employee performance, which ultimately measures the performance of the organization in the competitive market. Standardization: John Lewis follows many specific standards for improving their employee behavior. The standards are such as Code of Conduct, Administrative behavior, interpersonal communication (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons 2013). Rating of key factors: The key factors involved in rating procedure are: skills of HR, leadership qualities, core capabilities of the organization and specific objectives followed by the organization (Dekker, Bloemhof and Mallidis, 2012). Analyzing the competitive business strategies of John Lewis Partnership The following are the business competitive strategies for John Lewis Partnership to increase their competitive advantage in the retail marketplace as follows: Cost Leadership: JLP adopts the cost leadership business strategy in their retail business operations to become the lowest cost production company. Two of the options are adopted to improve their profitability such as increasing or decreasing the cost (Christopher, Magrill and Wills, 2013). JLP focuses to acquire products and services of highest quality with lowest cost. JLP makes a promise Never knowingly undersold that spots that their product is sold more cheaply, the retailer will match the cost. Product and Service Differentiation: JLP offers branded products to the customers from the leading suppliers as well as own brand merchandise. On all the electrical items, they are giving two years guarantee. The John Lewis membership card helps the customers to give rewards as well as surprise threats (Coyle et al. 2016). The partnership card credit permits the customers in order to obtain points when they spend with the clients to receive points that are changed into vouchers. Price Strategy: The lower the cost of products, it leads to increase in market share. The revenue of the retailers rose 1.9 % with sales rising of 3% for John Lewis as 17.1 % of an increase in online sales (Johnlewispartnership.co.uk, 2015). Using their companys slogan Never knowingly undersold, the company compels pricing strategies of lowering the price John Lewis could offer (the Guardian, 2015). It was one of mover retailer offers their customers the confidence that promised the customers cheapest price in the town. It also allows partnership to retain loyalty of customers as well as trust by giving them promise (Gilmour, 2013). The promise is that they will never purchase the similar product elsewhere that is undersold. In any case, if the products are similar, then the customer is guaranteed to get refund. Contribution of the operation management to improve organization strategy Caunhye, Nie and Pokharel (2012) stated that the improvement strategy consists of selection criteria to focus on significant improvement initiatives, deployment of the resources and change management to high impact opportunities. Dekker, Bloemhof and Mallidis (2012) argued that the improvement strategy not only achieves the goal to boost the bottom line of business, but also the reason of involvement of customers in process improvement of the business operations. There may be several options available for controlling the operation strategies of John Lewis. These are: Supply Chain Management: John Lewis should focus on supply chain managing system for getting more growth opportunities in the competitive market (Rushton, Croucher and Baker, 2014). JLP aligns the supply chain with the business objectives by connecting the transactions as well as processes planning. The company also optimizes product design for their supply chain management. Control of Quality: John Lewis recently adopts Quality measures for better service providence for meeting their customer demands properly. They are provided with attractive presentation of site and introduction of new options for better search (Fernie and Sparks, 2014). Improvisation in RD department: John Lewis has improvised their RD team for achieving better performance, which have incremented their sale by 20% (Johnlewispartnership.co.uk, 2015). Such as, they are utilizing high quality database system for handling the customer data in way that is more effective. Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion It is concluded that John Lewis Partnership is the most popular retail company in UK, their mission to satisfy their customer by providing good quality of products and services. John Lewis provides happiness to all of their consumers with worthwhile products and satisfactory employment in a successful business. It also maintains an employee ownership strategy. The organization focuses on three of the competitive business strategies such as cost leadership, product differentiation and pricing strategies. It helps the organization to achieve a high market share as compared to their competitors. Recommendations Development and Training Program: John Lewis should develop more innovative training programs for the improvement of their employees so that they can knowledge about how to sell their products and clarify the queries of the customers. Incentives: Incentives will create more motivational aspect among the employees, which will increase the profit of John Lewis. Technological Development: John Lewis should use more technologically advanced procedures for achieving brand value in the market. The website of JLP is developed so that the customers can get more information about their service and products. References Bozarth, C.B. and Handfield, R.B. (2016).Introduction to operations and supply chain management.Pearson Higher Ed. Caunhye, A.M., Nie, X. and Pokharel, S. (2012). Optimization models in emergency logistics: A literature review.Socio-economic planning sciences,46(1), pp.4-13. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed, pp- 100-700. Christopher, M., Magrill, L. and Wills, G. (2013).Educational development for marketing logistics.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Coyle, J.J., Langley, C.J., Novack, R.A. and Gibson, B. (2016).Supply chain management: a logistics perspective. Nelson Education. Dekker, R., Bloemhof, J. and Mallidis, I. (2012). Operations Research for green logisticsAn overview of aspects, issues, contributions and challenges.European Journal of Operational Research,219(3), pp.671-679. Dyckhoff, H., Lackes, R. and Reese, J. (2013).Supply chain management and reverse logistics. Springer Science Business Media. Fernie, J. and Sparks, L. (2014).Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Fitzsimmons, J. and Fitzsimmons, M. (2013).Service management: Operations, strategy, information technology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Gilmour, P. (2013). Benchmarking supply chain operations.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Jacobs, R. and Chase, R. (2013)Operations and supply chain management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Johnlewispartnership.co, (2016). John Lewis Partnership - Home. [online] Johnlewispartnership.co.uk. Available at: https://www.johnlewispartnership.co.uk/ [Accessed 7Aug. 2016]. Johnlewispartnership.co.uk, (2014).In the hands of our Partners. [online] JOHN LEWIS PARTNERSHIP PLC SUSTAINABILITY REVIEW. Available at: https://www.johnlewispartnership.co.uk/content/dam/cws/pdfs/our%20responsibilities/our%20progress%20and%20reports/review2014/John_Lewis_Partnership_Sustainability_Review_2014.pdf [Accessed 7 Aug. 2016]. johnlewispartnership.co.uk, (2015).Annual Report of John Lewis Partnership plc. [online] www. johnlewispartnership.co.uk. Available at: https://www.johnlewispartnership.co.uk/content/dam/cws/pdfs/financials/annual%20reports/john-lewis-partnership-plc-annual-report-2015.pdf [Accessed 7 Aug. 2016]. Rushton, A., Croucher, P. and Baker, P. (2014).The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Schonsleben, P. (2016).Integral logistics management: Operations and supply chain management within and across companies. CRC Press. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg the Guardian, (2015).John Lewis profits fall as costs and competition increase. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/sep/10/john-lewis-profits-fall-amid-higher-costs-and-competition [Accessed 7 Aug. 2016].

The Characteristics of Childrens Poetry

The interaction between children and poetry is characterized by strong materials (Glazer and Williams 271). These comprise good plots, rich settings, well-developed characters, vital and educative themes, and artistic styles that employ bold and creative language (Glazer and Williams 279).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Characteristics of Children’s Poetry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This element of novelty is developed by the author, who first understands and comprehends the nature of the audience, or the child age bracket (Glazer and Williams 282). The authors then proceed to prepare the content. It is a common argument among children poets that they create good pieces, irrespective of whether the children like them or not. According to Glazer and Williams (284), authors argue that their compositions are built of strong materials, and the likes and dislikes of children cannot be used as a basis for determining the quality of the literature. They further claim that poetry should be judged as literature on its own merit, and children should them be given the most appropriate literature (Glazer and Williams 298). Lukens defines poetry as a concise, intense, and flamboyant type of literary work that employs the elements of sound and language to develop emotion and targeted notions. Poetry is aimed at developing emotional intensity through the use of rhythmic or figurative language. All forms of poetry, including children poetry, use various styles to bring out the intended emotion. These styles include: â€Å"alliteration, metaphors, similes, symbolism, personification, assonance, consonance, allusion, onomatopoeia, internal rhyme, and rhyme scheme† (Likens 8). There are various forms of poetry including narrative poems, free verse, ballads, diamante, and cinquain.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Children are not attracted to reading as easily as grownups; therefore, their reading materials should not include difficult terms or abstract concepts. According to Hillman (34), poems and other literary works that are targeted at children display five key features. First, their characters are either children or portray childlike characteristics. Second, their context is based on typical childhood experiences that are expressed from a child’s perspective. Third, they use straightforward and direct plots that focus on the action or intended emotion. Fourth, they send out an image of innocence and optimism, such that they leave the audience emotional and happy. Fifth, they are based on both real and fictional events in order to enhance their sense of imagination. These characteristics are common among children authors since they portray the way that adults converse with children, using short and simple texts. Over the past few decades, th ere has been increased interest in the features of children poetry, which has led to a lot of research in that field (Russell 34). One of the areas under study involves the typical methods used to express children’s poetry. These include vivid illustrations, humorous narrative, and simple and memorable lines. According to Russell (50), most of the children’s poetry uses simple words and lines that children can comprehend and use in their activities. Complex terms and nonfigurative notions in poetry tend to discourage children from advancing their interest and comprehension of the concepts of poetry. Since children have low education level and minimal life experience, any poetry directed at them should have straightforward wording and language that the children can grasp with ease. Children still have a lot to learn, and their comprehension of poetry is still undeveloped. Children are more attracted to poetry that is written in their language compared to poetry that use s profound language that is beyond their age. Hence, children can only be interested in literary work that uses simple language to explain the idea, image, and action in poetry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Characteristics of Children’s Poetry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Russell (58) also notes that children link poetry to fun, hence, children should find poetry amusing for them to be interested in it. Humor is a vital component that authors use to seize the attention of children and cause them to read. Children’s poetry is most successful in getting through to the readers if it combines simple words to describe situations that are familiar to the children with a humorous narrative. Russell (62) states â€Å"children love silly nonsense that tickles their funny bones† to emphasize the vital role of humor in children poetry. For children authors to appeal to children with their po ems, they need to consider the element of entertainment in the form of humor, since children are open and willing to try out fun things. Another area that has attracted a lot of research is the literary devices employed in children’s poetry. Such elements include lively imagery, rhythm, and rhyme, personification and word-play. While rhythm and rhyme make the poems melodious, fun and easy to remember, lively imagery stimulates the various senses when children are reading poems (Lukens 76). Studies claim that imagery is one of the most valuable devices in children’s poetry (Lukens 76). In addition, research shows that children pay a lot of attention to imagery in poetry. Lukens (75) states that imagery is the most recurrently employed literary device, and most essential in the development of the setting and mood of the poem. Imagery also aids in enhancing the understanding of a concept and stretches the insight of the children when reading the poem (Lukens 86).Advertisi ng Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Russell suggests that personification is a vital element in children’s poetry, especially for the very young. Personification involves the issuing of human qualities to inanimate objects, which makes poetry lively and attractive to children readers. Instances of personification such as a dancing cat or a talking car appeal to the animalistic view of children since it allows them to relate to poems that have both human and inanimate characters (Russell 91). Word-play is also a vital component of children’s poetry that allows children to make up words as part of their learning process. Word-play employs the manipulation of words that make up the poem in a playful manner in order to appeal to the children. Children poems should aim at encouraging children to play with words, which add both humor and delight to the reading process. Word-play is most useful when reading the poems aloud, which enhances the pleasure of listening and uttering the words. Other literary elements that are used in children’s narratives include plot, characterization, style, setting, theme, and point of view. Poems do not employ all these elements, though the ones used like theme and plot help to develop a memorable reading experience. Plots are vital in constructing the conflict, which builds the narrative to a happy ending in order for it to e appealing to the children. According to Lukens (99), plots involve a struggle that is overcome. These struggles can be in the form of person versus person, nature, society, or self (Likens 102). Based on the entities involved in the struggle, authors can employ the element of personification to portray diverse views of the scenario. Themes are vital elements that determine whether the children find it easy to understand the flow of the poem. Most of the themes considered in children’s poetry involve simple life experiences that they are familiar with. This allows them to relate to true experiences or familiar thoughts as the authors encourage them to use the element of imagery. The content of a poem can be based upon an experience like playing with friends, playing a video game, or facing punishment from parents. Such themes that provide content which is familiar to the children are useful in making successful children poetry. The development of children is based on the ideas of freedom and emotion that are expressed in their learning material (Glazer and Williams 301). As a result, authors should focus on delivering literature that is valuable in enhancing the productivity of the children. The focus of researchers on children literature is due to the challenges faced by authors who prepare their reading material. The content for children literature does not employ intricate concepts and vocabulary like that used for adult reading material. Hence, studies revolving around the appeal of children literature, and especially poetry, have revealed interesting concepts. The studies analyzed in this paper focus on the characteristics of children’s poetry based on the analysis of techniques used to obtain the appropriate content. The deduction obtained emphasize on the use of familiar situations to develop themes and content for the poems, in order for the children to identify with them. In addition, there are specific expression techniques that appeal to children such as simple and memorable lines, humorous narrative, personification, and imagery. Lastly, authors also consider the plot and theme of the poems, since this provides the environment where the various styles like rhyme and word-play can be employed appropriately. Works Cited Glazer, Joan I. and Gurney Williams. Introduction to Children’s Literature. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 1979. Print. Hillman, Judith. Discovering Children’s Literature 3rd Edition. New Jersey; Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall, 2003. Print. Lukens, Rebecca J. A critical handbook of children’s literature. London: Good Year, 1986. Print. Russell, David. L. Literature for children: A short introduction. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2005. Print This essay on The Characteristics of Children’s Poetry was written and submitted by user Gemma Pacheco to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.